Ellen Judson

X and TikTok algorithms push pro-AfD content to non-partisan German users

On TikTok, 78% of algorithmically recommended political content (from unfollowed accounts) was pro-AfD; on X, 64%, far exceeding the party's ~20% polling.

Climate of confusion: Bot-like accounts sharing climate disinformation

22 of 45 previously identified bot-like X accounts amplified climate denial/conspiracies, tying climate opposition to broader anti-migrant, anti-LGBTQ and anti-Ukraine political identity.