
Panoptykon
Surveillance advertising, recommender-system harms and users' rights under the DSA/GDPR.
- Type
- Digital-rights foundation
- Based in
- Warsaw, Poland
- Investigations
- 7
- Platforms tracked
- 3
- Active since
- 2023
- Latest report
- Feb 2026
Topics covered
- Platform Compliance & Governance6
- Algorithmic Harm & Recommender Systems5
- Ad Transparency & Fraud1
- Child Safety & Minors1
- Data Access & Research Tools1
- Misinformation & Disinformation1
Watchdog vs. platform
Publicly documented legal proceedings, access disputes, or other platform pushback. Allegations, findings, and outcomes are labelled separately and linked to their sources.
No sourced legal or practical dispute has been documented for Panoptykon yet. Know of one?
Add a sourced caseResearchers
Reports
Full database2026
2 reports- Feb 2026MetaTikTok
Breaking the Loop: Exploring User Agency in Escaping Algorithmic Rabbit Holes on Social Media
Early-stage findings from a Panoptykon/Piotr Sapieżyński (Northeastern University) study testing whether Facebook's 'Not interested' feedback tool lets users actually escape unwanted recommended content; results are mixed, with one pilot showing no lasting effect and a later 7-participant study showing a 38% average reduction with wide variance.
Algorithmic Harm & Recommender SystemsPlatform Compliance & GovernanceArt. 27 — Recommender transparencyArt. 34/35 — Systemic riskBy Dorota Głowacka, Katarzyna Szymielewicz and Piotr Sapieżyński
- Feb 2026TikTokMetaYouTube
Brief for the Hearing at the European Parliament on DSA Enforcement and the Protection of Minors
Prepared for an EPP/Renew-organised European Parliament hearing, this brief matches TikTok, Meta and YouTube's self-declared minor-safety mitigation measures against independent research and finds none of the platforms disclose data substantiating that their measures actually work.
Child Safety & MinorsAlgorithmic Harm & Recommender SystemsPlatform Compliance & GovernanceArt. 34/35 — Systemic risk
2025
1 report- Oct 2025Cross-platform
Service-to-Client Interoperability as a Consumer Protection Measure
Argues for mandating 'service-to-client' interoperability, letting independently-developed third-party clients, moderation tools and recommender systems plug into a platform's existing back-end interfaces, as a consumer-protection measure in the EU's forthcoming Digital Fairness Act.
Platform Compliance & GovernanceData Access & Research ToolsBy Vid Logar
2024
2 reports- Nov 2024Meta
Independent Audit of Facebook's DSA Risk Assessment
Independent audit examining Facebook's systemic-risk assessment under the EU Digital Services Act (period 29 Aug 2023-30 June 2024).
Platform Compliance & GovernanceMisinformation & DisinformationArt. 34/35 — Systemic risk - Mar 2024TikTokMetaYouTubeCross-platform
Safe by Default (People vs Big Tech briefing)
Argues engagement-based recommender systems amplifying borderline content is a feature not a bug; calls on regulators to require non-profiling feeds as the default.
Algorithmic Harm & Recommender SystemsPlatform Compliance & GovernanceArt. 27 — Recommender transparencyBy Oliver Marsh, Marc Faddoul, Katarzyna Szymielewicz, Dorota Głowacka and Tanya O'Carroll
2023
2 reports- Dec 2023Meta
Algorithms of Trauma 2: 'Anxious about your health? Facebook won't let you forget'
Case study showing Facebook's ad-delivery algorithms push distressing health/illness ads exploiting users' mental vulnerabilities; disabling 'sensitive interests' limits advertiser targeting but not Facebook's own profiling.
Ad Transparency & FraudAlgorithmic Harm & Recommender SystemsArt. 26 — Ad labellingBy Dorota Głowacka, Katarzyna Szymielewicz and Piotr Sapieżyński
- Sept 2023Cross-platform
Fixing Recommender Systems: From Identification of Risk Factors to Meaningful Transparency and Mitigation
Sets out six hypotheses on how recommender-system design choices (engagement-driven ranking, addictive features, data-driven personalisation) generate DSA Article 34 'systemic risks,' plus a technical checklist of disclosures VLOPs/VLOSEs should make to regulators, auditors and researchers.
Algorithmic Harm & Recommender SystemsPlatform Compliance & GovernanceArt. 34/35 — Systemic riskBy Katarzyna Szymielewicz, Dorota Głowacka, Alexander Hohlfeld, Bhargav Srinivasa Desikan, Hibaq Farah, Marc Faddoul and Tanya O'Carroll