Yet more evidence of Russia's boundless impunity to spread misinformation in the EU

Drawing on more than two years of investigation by a broad research community — including Qurium, Correctiv and The Insider — this EU DisinfoLab piece documents the continued operation of the Doppelganger network and related campaigns (Matriochka, Overload, Blue Stars of David) across X, Facebook and Telegram. The analysis focuses on internet infrastructure, server setups and IP usage that obscure the campaigns' Russian origin.

It finds that European companies and individuals have facilitated the operation by supplying servers and IP addresses, and documents convergence between cyber-criminal infrastructure and information-warfare activity, including actors that simultaneously host malware. It describes how easily counterfeit domains impersonating media and institutions can be created, how platform advertising-transparency rules can be circumvented, and how large networks of fake accounts sustain artificial amplification, all largely without consequence.

The piece concludes that the core problem is not a lack of research or evidence but a lack of enforcement by authorities, calling for decisive EU action rather than repeated calls for sanctions.