Antisemitic abuse on X after Manchester Synagogue attack
Antisemitic abuse and calls for violence flooded X following the attack, largely left unremoved.
Executive summary
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Following the October 2, 2025 attack on a Manchester synagogue, CCDH examined replies posted to 13 prominent British Jewish individuals and organizations discussing the event. Researchers used an AI-assisted process (OpenAI's GPT-4o) to screen roughly 16,000 extracted replies, with two researchers independently confirming each item included in the final dataset; a separate, larger analysis screened over 127,000 posts about the attack for conspiratorial content.
The review identified 171 replies meeting the threshold for violating X's hateful-conduct policies, including Holocaust denial, calls for deportation, dehumanizing language, and glorification of the violence; all 171 remained live on the platform as of the reporting date. A parallel sample of 100 widely viewed posts alleging the attack was a "false flag" orchestrated by Israel or Mossad drew over 568,000 views combined, none of which carried a Community Note.
The report concludes X failed to enforce its own policies and likely fell short of obligations under the UK Online Safety Act, warning that the unchecked spread of antisemitic conspiracy content raises the risk of further violence.
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