X — DSA enforcement

Notice-and-action, systemic-risk management, the "Blue check" deceptive design, the ad repository, and researcher data access. First-ever DSA formal proceedings.

• Art. 16
• Art. 25(1)
• Art. 34
• Art. 35
• Art. 39
• Art. 40(12)

1. October 12, 2023Request for information

   RFI on the spread of illegal content and disinformation around the Hamas attacks on Israel, and on the crisis-response protocol. Source ↗

2. December 18, 2023Formal proceedings opened

   The first-ever DSA formal proceedings — covering notice-and-action, risk management, deceptive design, ad transparency and data access. Source ↗

3. July 12, 2024Preliminary findings

   First-ever DSA preliminary findings: the Blue-checkmark design deceives users (Art. 25), the ad repository is not searchable/reliable (Art. 39) and researcher data access is obstructed (Art. 40). Source ↗

4. January 17, 2025Additional investigatory measures

   RFI on X’s recommender systems plus a retention order preserving documents on algorithm changes, and a request for access to X’s commercial API. Source ↗

5. December 5, 2025€120M fine

   First DSA non-compliance decision and fine, for the Art. 25(1), 39 and 40(12) breaches. X given 60/90 working days to remedy; further non-compliance can trigger periodic penalty payments. Source ↗

6. February 16, 2026X appeals to the EU General Court

   X challenged the €120M decision (X v Commission) — the first court challenge to a DSA fine. The 90-working-day remedy deadline for the ad repository and data access passed without a public outcome. Source ↗

First DSA non-compliance decision. Confirmed breaches of Art. 25(1) (Blue checkmark), Art. 39 (ad repository) and Art. 40(12) (researcher data access). The illegal-content and information-manipulation (Community Notes) strands remain open.

A new investigation into risks from deploying the Grok AI into X (incl. manipulated sexual imagery / possible CSAM, gender-based violence) and an extension of the 2023 case to X’s recommender systems.

• Art. 34
• Art. 35
• Art. 42(2)

1. September 19, 2025Request for information (Grok)

   RFI on Grok, including the antisemitic content generated by @grok in mid-2025. Source ↗

2. January 26, 2026New proceeding opened + 2023 case extended

   A new investigation into Grok’s deployment risks, and an extension of the December 2023 proceeding to X’s recommender systems (incl. the planned switch to a Grok-based recommender). Source ↗